Put simply, peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Stem Cell Mobilisation, Scar Reduction & Multi-System Repair (PubMed, 2012) A comprehensive review of TB4s biological properties confirmed it is released by platelets, macrophages, and multiple cell types following injury, where it protects tissues from further damage while reducing apoptosis, inflammation, and microbial growth
This trait has strongly been linked with IVD degeneration, which is considered to be polygenetic [5]
In published preclinical research, BPC-157 has been administered at doses ranging from 6 to 50 micrograms per kilogram body weight in animal models, with most tissue-repair and gastric-protection protocols using 10 to 20 mcg/kg once or twice daily (PMID 21030672, PMID 32558293, PMID 38980576)