GPER and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) PCOS is a common endocrine disorder that affects womens reproductive health and is often associated with hormonal imbalances [151], ovarian dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities [152, 153]
While each peptide influences distinct biological pathways, together they provide researchers with a comprehensive model for investigating connective tissue remodeling, angiogenic signaling, cytoskeletal organization, and the coordinated cellular processes that maintain tissue homeostasis
Additionally, in vivo animal experiments and a clinical trial confirmed that PCs can alleviate the inflammatory response associated with aging skin
This finding expands on the already established role of TRPA1 channels in peripheral sensory neuron function 13 , and it is consistent with the new view that members of the Trp ion channel family participate in the control of multiple intestinal cell functions 15,16