For the measurement of ROS levels, PC-3 cells were transfected with vectors (control, siSP1, FBI-1, or siFBI-1), seeded in six-well dishes (1 10 6 cells per well), and allowed to adhere overnight
LONG-TERM Aliquot (divide into single use portions) and freeze at -20C
In this review article, we focus on the signaling through which uremic toxins, particularly indoxyl sulfatean independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in CKD patients, modulate macrophage activation and function, and how these changes contribute to vascular inflammation, leading to the increased cardiovascular risk
KPV, the C-terminal tripeptide of -MSH, is studied for damping pro-inflammatory signaling so remodeling can proceed on a calmer background