Although cytotoxicity was not specific to homocysteine, endothelial cell detachment is also observed with cysteine (Dudman et al, 1991), an increase in the hydrogen peroxide-sensitive cellular fluorescent probe, 2,7-dichloro-fluorescein, was observed in cultured endothelial cells exposed to homocysteine (Toborek and Hennig, 1996)
Therefore, the molecules beneficial to vascular endothelial health that are induced by insulin (e.g
Moreover, given the contribution of various cellular processes in the pathogenesis of CP-induced AKI, using a combination of several modulators or identifying agents that can simultaneously modulate multiple targets may serve as an important strategy for developing future treatments
For most people considering glutathione IV, the deciding factor is whether their goals require the rapid, high-concentration delivery that only intravenous administration provides